Investigation of resistivity of nichrome wire Essay Example for Free

Examination of resistivity of nichrome wire Essay 32 Gauge 28 Gauge Voltage Recorded Percentage Uncertainty % Ammeter The ammeter recorded the current of the circuit with the wire associated with it. 32 Gauge 28 Gauge Current Recorded Percentage Uncertainty %( Current Recorded Percentage Uncertainty. Opposition Thus, as the obstruction is determined utilizing the voltage and current acquired, we have the accompanying obstruction rate vulnerabilities. 32 Gauge Resistance Uncertainty %( Gauge Resistance Uncertainty % Resistivity This is determined utilizing the obstruction, region and the length. The vulnerabilities of the opposition and length are utilized to ascertain the vulnerability of the resistivity. The territory was not utilized as it was found by utilizing the measure esteem and checked against a referenced site, where breadths were distributed. As this worth was given, the vulnerability was not considered the technique for estimation was not expressed. 32 Gauge 28 Gauge Resistivity Uncertainty %(Discussion As the examination occurred, the voltage was expanded gradually. This expanded the current going through the circuit. From these qualities got for every one of the wires, the obstruction and resistivity were determined. The obstruction was determined from both the qualities acquired from the trials and furthermore from the angle of the diagram drawn. This was done with the goal that different arrangement of resistivities can be gotten and assessed. As observed from the estimations of the opposition, it is corresponding to the length of the wire. The more drawn out the nichrome wire is, the bigger the opposition will be. This was positively the situation here as the opposition for the 1 meter wire was more than twofold that of the 0. 5 meter wire. This bigger opposition would be because of the cross-sectional region of the wires. Were the 1 meter wire had a cross-sectional region of 5. 9 x 10-8 m2, the 0. 5 meter was 1. 1 x 10-7 m2, in this manner the main nichrome being longer and more slender, makes the obstruction be a lot bigger. The resistivity was determined for every one of the nichrome wires and was seen as exceptionally near each other. The slight contrast could be because of test mistakes. The 32gauge wire had an a lot bigger obstruction, while being the more drawn out wire and had the more slender cross-sectional territory. Mulling over this all, the resistivity was determined at different voltages and the mean worth was 1. 0149 x 10-6 ? m. The slope from the diagram is the opposition, this again was utilized to ascertain a different estimation of the resistivity, which was 1. 01496 x 10-6 ? m. This was done as the pattern line of the chart was set to the catch of zero, as when there is no force through the circuit there would be no voltage or current. This worth is equivalent to the worth found from the got arranged outcomes. The determined resistivities for the 28gauge gave comparable qualities. Here the mean an incentive from the acquired current and voltage was 1. 095 x 10-6 ? m, where as the resistivity determined from the inclination of the diagram was 1. 12 x 10-6 ? m. In spite of the fact that these qualities appearing to be unique they are of the standard type of negative 6, which means they are extremely little numbers, and subsequently this slight contrast is minute. Again this resistivity for the 28 measure in contrast with the resistivity for the 32 check is, where little decimal spots are marginally out. This examination prompted deciding a decent incentive for the resistivity by utilizing two wires of various measurements. The acknowledged an incentive for the resistivity of nichrome is 1. 50 I 10-6 ? m. This in proportion to the qualities acquired is as per the following: 32 Gauge 1 This shows the qualities got are near that of the acknowledged worth. To improve the exactness of the outcomes the investigation ought to be rehashed. In doing as such, a few factors ought to be kept steady I. e. the length, check or temperature with the goal that a normal can be acquired. Book index http://www. 8886. co. uk/ref/standard_wire_gauge. htm http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/electric/resis. html http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Electrical_resistivity Physics Assignment 3 Show review just The above see is unformatted text This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism segment.

Talent Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ability Development - Essay Example Today, it is popular to subcontract and privatize metropolitan administrations particularly in government associations. In any case, human asset division endures in the bases of status when contrasted with other sub-units in an association. Maybe, this is a result of expanding control of parade administrators in human asset (HR), which dissolves the logical capability remain of the HR divisions character (Farndale and Hope-Hailey, 2009). To address this perniciousness, ability improvement in the HR offices gets fundamental in helping administrators manage future difficulties of the organization. Vital endeavors of creating authority intercession start prior in the existence pattern of a person. It improves an authentic initiative advancement later on. Flow research proposes that, when an individual’s mind develops it is difficult to grow new things particularly new dialects, therefore dominant part of schools presents dialects at a lot prior ages (Stewart, 2005).Therefore, initiative advancement starts at a previous time of an individual, to make great pioneers later on. The pioneers can deal with essential difficulties of the gathering later on in light of a prior preparing. Then again, ensuring market disappointment of an association joins vocation course and advancement as a basic subject. As far as business language, profession direction sees terms of â€Å"market-maker.† The sole explanation behind vocation improvement mediations includes making a business for the company’s items. Profession advancement makes training and work markets work proficien tly, by guarantying gracefully face entertainers inside the business sectors guaranteeing admission to showcase data and clear market signals. Additionally, business in profession course likely conveys open enthusiasm as a market creator. Hence, initiative mediation guarantees an entrenched positions of authority in future markets,

Rudy Giulianis Leadership essays

Rudy Giuliani's Leadership articles Giuliani first took in the significance of reliability as a pioneer while functioning as an assistant under Judge Lloyd MacMahon. Giuliani saw direct the dedication the adjudicator had to the individuals who worked for him, and the quality of the connections manufactured when the commitment was returned. Along these lines, giuliani made dependability his foundation. The adjudicator was an uncommon pioneer and got the individuals who worked for him to have faith in themselves and achieve more than they suspected they could. He was additionally efficient, continually squeezing, and continually hoping for something else from giuliani and his other staff than they suspected they could convey. However he never requested that others work more enthusiastically than he was eager to work himself. The appointed authority likewise instructed giuliani the significance of the need to impart and convince, not simply rule by pronouncement. Throughout the following not many years, Judge MacMahon est ablished the framework for the pioneer he trusted he would be. A long time later, while serving in President Reagans Justice Department, giuliani again watched the advantages of a pioneers faithfulness to his group. He saw how president Reagan would chance his ubiquity on account of his own faithfulness to the individuals who had helped choose him and worked for him. He observed the lift in assurance accordingly. Along these lines, he concluded it was basic for a pioneer (particularly one in politics)to grasp those in his group who are openly assaulted. While in office as civic chairman, giuliani made it a point to make a special effort to cause somebody who was unjustifiably assaulted to feel significant either by advancing them or by giving a discourse to give them how treasured they are. Giuliani accepted this consoled those that worked for him that he would not forsake them whenever there's any hint of difficulty. This additionally indicated the world that he would remain behind his workers and along these lines expelled a portion of the mot ivation to assault. He additionally realized that a pioneer who separations himself from his staff may ... <!

The Groden Center Essays - Providence Metropolitan Area, Free Essays

The Groden Center Essays - Providence Metropolitan Area, Free Essays The Groden Center The quantity of single-family constructing licenses were the most this decade and spoken to a 14% expansion over a year ago. There were 2,542 grants for new, single-nuclear families pulled in Rhode Island a year ago, 312 more than in 1997. In a meeting with Roger R. Warren, official executive of the Rhode Island Builders Association, he expressed Residential development is a basic marker of Rhode Island's monetary quality. These solid structure grant figures are an affirmation that the state's economy keeps on developing. In spite of the fact that Johnston, Providence, and Scituate, experienced abatements in licenses gave, a lot more towns have seen emotional increments, as much as 48% in Coventry. There are a few factors that help to clarify this pattern. General financial conditions, for example, loan costs influence whether individuals can manage the cost of new homes. Low financing costs, and a joblessness rate simply under the national normal include put new homes inside reach for some individuals. Further, the normal expense of homebuilding hasn't encountered in excess of a 12% expansion over the most recent 10 years. These realities, along with expanding individual salary includes considerably more allows. Socioeconomics have likewise significantly affected home buys this decade. Individuals will in general buy their biggest and most costly homes during their 40s, close to the pinnacle of their profit. Most of the 80 million children of post war America have arrived at their 40s during the 1990s and into the early piece of the 21st century. In any event two powers of progress will influence the board in the homebuilding business because of these patterns. Quite a bit of Rhode Island's lacking area is confined, which will bring about a possible top on building. Bryant College market analyst William B. Sweeney said; The expansion in development falls in accordance with different pointers of a solid economy ahead. In any case, regardless of whether there are sufficient clients who need to buy homes, Rhode Island might be getting max out. Wetlands make up an enormous segment of RI, blocking a great deal of advancement. The other power of progress happens in networks where proposition have been made to build up expenses which will expand the expense of new homes. Research has started to decide the effect that each new home constructed has on a town's

Voss Essays

Voss Essays Voss Essay Voss Essay VOSS Bottled Water Voss Inc. is an organization set up in 1999 which bottles and disperses Artesan water. The wellspring of this water is an unblemished spring in South Norway. It is bundled in a particularly structured and licensed barrel shaped formed glass bottle and sold at a top notch cost. A portion of the Hollywood entertainers and famous people have been spotted utilizing this premium filtered water. Its nearby rivals are Fiji and Perrier who offer unadulterated water at a superior cost. Separation Based Strategy The organizers of Voss, Christian Sandberg and Chris Harlem, perceived tremendous potential for ultra premium filtered water from Norway subsequent to doing a broad around the globe investigate. Artesan water is the most perfect type of water accessible and in this manner utilized as a one of a kind offer to focus on the ultra premium portion. Separation point 1 : Purest Water It is perceived as the most flawless type of water by FDA and has recorded the least TDS of any filtered water at any point tried by FDA. Thus, in a way it is an unctional item that is remarkably not quite the same as some other item in the market. Separation point 2 : Unique and protected bundling †Luxury Image According to an examination, in the ultra premium filtered water fragment, when individuals purchase water it is for picture and not simply water. Voss roped in Calvin Klein’s previous inventive chief Neil Kraft to structure the bundling. He came out with a smooth circularly structured glass bottle when every other person was offering plastic containers in customary jug shapes. The structure was later protected by Voss. Voss, through its item offering, gives a one of a kind worth (most flawless water and picture of Luxury/Exclusivity) which different contenders couldn't offer in the ultra premium section. Worth Creation and Delivery (Mechanisms) Value 1 Product offering : Purest water drawn from Artesan well in flawless South Norway. No human intercession. The water is drawn from a spring by pressurizing the impermeable layer of rock and ice without the utilization of mechanical siphons. Item Quality and consistency is obvious since no mechanical/manual procedure is required to filter water. Client is constantly sure to get most flawless water when they purchase VOSS. Worth 2 †Luxury Image/Exclusivity : It is a market driving item. The system is to make eliteness and partner extravagance with the item. This is accomplished by adjusting all the promoting forms such that this estimation of extravagance and restrictiveness is conveyed successfully. Cost †Ultra premium evaluating helps in focusing on the correct portion I. e. rich and princely (eliteness). Protected Designer Glass bottle †Unique bundling gives it an edge over others and aides in situating and focusing on the ultra premium section Controlled Supply Sold solely through very good quality inns, cafés, clubs and claim to fame stores (VOSS Red PET container). Voss‘s selectiveness is gotten from the way that Voss is served on the tables of the best eatery and parlors in the rooms of the most rich inns and beachside at the trendiest hotels around the globe. Voss isn't accessible at retail outlets like 7-11 or corner comfort stores. Advancements †No limits or giveaways to keep up its image picture of extravagance. Commercials Heavily depends on PR exercises and viral advancement which further strengthens its situating of interesting brand. It doesn't participate in common promoting like other water organizations and avoids the group. Relationship with Ultra premium brand diplomats like Madonna, George Clooney, Lindsay Lohan are utilized as limited time exercises. The item offering just as the quality of eliteness/extravagance gives client a sentiment of pride to expend Voss water and follow through on a top notch cost for the equivalent. Distinct advantages that make esteem Source of Water : The wellspring of water in Norway is a remarkable and economical asset in itself. Target Segment : Targeting the ultra premium section is a key to the system as the item has most an incentive to this fragment. The opposition in this section isn't as extraordinary all things considered in the greater mass market. This implies less interest in advancements/limits/promotions. This is a manageable methodology as this section will consistently esteem a quality item that gives them picture an incentive also. Circulation Channels : Controlled dissemination follows from its system of focusing on. By benefiting its item in upscale café/bars/peciality stores gives them points of interest as under: 1. Signs that it isn't a piece of the group (mass market) 2. Creating solid relationship with the excellent cafés and bars 3. Aides in controlling the value Bottle structure: They have a first mover advantage in presenting a licensed planner bottle in the market. This is protected and subsequently can't be duplicated. Notice/advancements/brand affiliations: No TV advt. also, no limits. Brand affiliations and viral campiagns are a significant piece of the procedure and that is the main advancement technique that VOSS employments. Regular advt. will place in a similar class as other packaged waters in the market. Key Alignment: It is basic to take note of that the vital arrangement of all components of technique is the thing that makes the promoting system of VOSS incredibly effective. The procedure driven by separation (most flawless water and connecting it with picture †extraordinary structure) is capably support by focusing on/division of premium fragment. This joined with premium estimating and controlled gracefully helps in situating. This at that point caught up with fitting limited time procedure makes their mkt technique work. This arrangement gives them an unmistakable favorable position which is economical and hard to duplicate. As properly called attention to in Business methodology, the upper hand exudes from the board of the center assets of the firm and VOSS is by all accounts doing it entirely well. Openings and Challenges Growth is one of the greatest test for VOSS as the ultra premium section is certainly not an extremely quickly developing portion. A few choices for development are :- Expand universally in Emerging markets : The ultra rich fragment is becoming quickly in rising economies like India and China. It might be a decent open door for VOSS to enter these business sectors. Despite the fact that there are difficulties of impersonation and localisation. Likewise, will that imply that it will influence its image as might be individuals may begin questioning its selectiveness? Enter the lower end of market : This is a dubious one. This is the quickest developing and greatest section of the market. In any case, catching this implies conflicting with its center portion and procedure. In spite of the fact that it might decide to build up its different image (VOSS Red) and push it in the Retail channel. Notwithstanding, before doing that it needs to do an appropriate report and research on whether this will affect its superior image (VOSS silver) or not. Seasoned Water : This is another choice where it can do item improvements and enter the enhanced water showcase. Nonetheless, this may place it in a similar group as other seasoned waters (no separation point-can't guarantee it as most perfect enhanced water) Whatever is done, one thing is without a doubt that it is extremely hard for VOSS to go astray from its center technique of prevalent item offering which right presently separates it.

6 Surprising Facts About Cigar Smoking

6 Surprising Facts About Cigar Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use Print 6 Surprising Facts About Cigar Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Armeen Poor, MD on January 27, 2020 Armeen Poor, MD, is a board-certified pulmonologist and intensivist. He specializes in pulmonary health, critical care, and sleep medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Armeen Poor, MD on January 27, 2020 More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. It’s a common misconception that cigar smoking is less risky than cigarette smoking. This is not true. Cigars are not safer than cigarettes, but because they are used differently, the health hazards  do differ somewhat. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Cigar Smoking vs. Cigarette Smoking There are a couple of key differences between smoking cigars and cigarettes: Approximately 75 percent of cigar smokers dont inhale and dont smoke cigars on a daily basis.??Cigarette smokers do inhale, and most smoke 20, 30, or more cigarettes every day.?? These differences in smoking habits explain why cigar smokers are generally exposed to less of the poisons and carcinogens present in cigars than cigarette smokers are too similar toxins in cigarettes. Its also why there are fewer instances of cigar smoking-related disease and death than we typically see with cigarettes. Lets take a look at a few of the important facts about cigars and cigar smoking. Some of them might surprise you. Key Facts About Cigar Smoking 1. One cigar may contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.?? A single cigarette typically has less than a gram of tobacco, while a single cigar may contain as much as 5 to 17 grams of tobacco. 2. Cigars are addictive. Cigar smoke breaks down in saliva, allowing the smoker to easily absorb nicotine through the lining of the mouth in quantities sufficient to cause addiction, even if the smoke is not inhaled. And, the amount of nicotine in a single cigar is many times greater than what is found in a cigarette.?? A typical cigarette contains one to two milligrams of nicotine, while the nicotine content of a cigar is 100 to 200 milligrams. Some cigars contain as much as 400 milligrams of nicotine. 3. Cigar smoke is more concentrated and toxic than cigarette smoke. Secondhand smoke from cigars varies from that of cigarettes for a couple of reasons. First, the manufacturing process for cigars requires a fermentation period. During this time, high concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are produced. TSNAs are some of the most carcinogenic compounds known to man.?? Secondly, cigar wrappers are not as porous as cigarette wrappers, making the combustion of a cigar less complete. These two factors result in higher concentrations of some of the toxic chemicals in cigars than in cigarettes. 4. Smoking as little as one cigar a day increases the risk of cancer. Cigar smoking has been linked to several different cancers, most notably those of the oral cavity, which include lip, tongue, mouth, throat, and larynx. Cigar smokers who inhale are also at an increased risk for lung cancer, cancers of the pancreas and bladder, as well as heart and lung disease.?? 5. Cigar and pipe smokers are at risk for early tooth loss. In a study published in the January 1999 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association, it was discovered that cigar and pipe smokers are at an increased risk for early tooth loss, compared to that of their nonsmoking counterparts. Cigar and pipe smokers are also at an increased risk for alveolar bone (the bone that holds the tooth in place) loss.?? 6. Cigar smoking has been linked to erectile dysfunction in men.Smokers are twice as likely to be impotent as nonsmokers due to the adverse effects smoking has on circulation, hormones and the nervous system.?? Cigar smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, in particular, have been shown to be significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction. Can Nicotine Replacement Therapy Help Cigar Smokers Quit? There hasnt been a lot of research done on the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a quit aid for cigar smokers.  However, if you feel that youve become physically dependent on cigars, you might be addicted to nicotine and NRTs could potentially help. Have a discussion with your doctor about quitting and work out a plan that suits you best. Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy A Word From Verywell Remember, there is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. All forms of tobacco have risks associated with them, and cigars are no different. Steer clear of cigars, and avoid the secondhand smoke they produce.

An Unexpected Lesson in Change. MBA student in Dubai

A year ago at around this time, I was relieved to know that, come August, I’d finally start my MBA. After almost two years of attending MBA fairs and meeting with alumni and recruiters from various institutions, I was faced with the predicament of choosing between three stellar programs: a two-year MBA at Indiana University’s Kelley Business School; a one-year MBA at Fundaà §Ãƒ £o Instituto de Administraà §Ãƒ £o (FIA) in Sao Paolo, Brazil; or a one-year MBA at Hult, in up to three cities of my choice. My fulfilling career in New York City had afforded me some incredible travel and leadership opportunities with lasting personal and professional impact. By all means, I had built a comfortable life there. However, as time passed I felt increasingly unsettled. My inner â€Å"zen† was being disrupted by an insatiable desire to experience new places, new cultures and new challenges abroad. As much as the thought of attending a top-20 U.S. MBA program, or living in Brazil – one of my favorite countries in the world – excited me, the idea of spending another year or two trapped in one place gave me reason for pause. After all, I am a lover of change and a travel enthusiast who has lived and worked outside of my home country since I was 18 years old. I couldn’t possibly ignore the massive appeal of Hult’s rotation option. Literally every detail my recruiter shared about the school appealed to my post-graduate desires. Its entrepreneurial spirit and collaborative environment meant that I’d have resources available to turn my ideas into action. Its practical approach to academics meant that I’d skip the more conventional, somewhat outdated, thesis model for the more practical Action Project, allowing me to work in a hands-on consulting role with an actual company. Most importantly, its vast database of alumni across dozens of cities around the world meant that I’d gain access to an elite network of dynamic professionals with global connections. With only 2% of all university students studying outside of their home country, and more than 90% of the world’s population never leaving their home country, this fact alone provided the grounds that I needed to choose Hult. By the time I arrived at Hult’s Dubai campus, I found myself thinking about my pending rotation every single day (and would get quietly excited about it at random moments throughout the week). I soon began forming friendships with people from Nigeria, India, Latin America, Iran, Europe, Russia, the U.S., and many other countries. As we became closer, the world began to seem smaller to me, and the interconnectedness of our cultures, economies and political landscapes became more apparent. Our shared appreciation for new experiences and the desire to work and live internationally were refreshing! For the first time, my thirst for change and enthusiasm about moving to another city took a back seat to the connections I’d made. The idea that we would all be going our separate ways by rotating to different campuses in just a few months began to sink in.   I found myself, for a moment, resenting the rotation concept and wanting us all to remain as-is: doe-eyed, bushy-tailed young professionals in search of a new direction, forming lasting connections and just having fun in the process†¦in Dubai! Now, here we are, eight months into the MBA and all heading along different paths. A few weeks ago, some people left Dubai temporarily, slated to return for graduation and hopeful that there will be jobs waiting for them somewhere, anywhere, in the world. Others left for good, with the intent to graduate on their rotation campus and find jobs back home or in their rotation cities. Others never left, either because they will rotate during the final module like me, or because they would rather stay put and do their best to make Dubai their new home. It has since dawned on me that this is what my recruiter didn’t tell me about Hult, and rightfully so. No one tells you that at Hult you’ll actually â€Å"graduate† three times. Whether you rotate or not, you’ll go through three separate periods of intense change – one as you transition into each rotation period and one during graduation. For some students, it’s been nothing more than a passing cloud in the sky of life. For others, it’s been an emotional time that has spawned moments of deep reflection, and perhaps some anxiety. While I am typically among the former, I found myself this time among the latter, at the behest of my emotions. Having survived several rounds of layoffs during the U.S. recession, and life away from my Caribbean home for more than a decade, I thought I had the change thing down pat. I never expected Hult’s rotation to have such a profound impact on me. So why did it? The MBA at its core attracts like-minded people: Type-A go-getters full of ideas about how the world should function from a business perspective and eager to fulfill unmet needs with their entrepreneurial plans. Hult is no different in this regard, but Hult students also share a mutual desire to physically transcend geographical boundaries and truly understand the world. I’ve spent the past eight months not just learning about culture, but actually seeing it play out in the classroom, in team meetings, at meals with friends and – and given Dubai’s 80%+ expat population – literally everywhere I go! I’ve never experienced anything like it. As much as New York may be a diverse city, everyone there is fighting to conform to and thrive in the American way of life, so there is an element of cultural understanding that, for me, was missing. As excited as I was to welcome rotating students to Dubai, and as much as I’m looking forward to heading to Shanghai in July, I couldn’t help but feel a little separation anxiety once the time came to part ways with the people whom I’d spent the last eight months observing, understanding and appreciating. But, as unexpectedly challenging as the transition was, it was an experience that was well worth having. As Ralph Waldo Emerson would put it, it’s a lesson that â€Å"must be lived to be understood.† Andrà ©a Skerritt is an MBA student at Hults Dubai campus. Prior to Hult, she had a seven-year career in Public Relations Marketing Communication  in New York. Andrà ©a has  a passion for travel, and a contagiously  optimistic outlook on life. As a  dual  native of Trinidad Tobago and St. Kitts Nevis, she is a Caribbean girl at heart with  New York City drive and  international  aspirations. Kickstart your career in a state-of-the-art innovation hub by studying at Hults Dubai business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog Hult Dubai students win regional in KPMG’s Ace the Case challenge Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts Academics Beyond (narrow) business concepts: â€Å"Soft† skills turn out to be critical skills News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

The Effects Of Physical Abuse On Mental Illness - 929 Words

Today, a colossal four hundred and fifty million (and growing) people in the world suffer from some form of mental illness in the world, however, only around one third of them seek any form of help (who.int World Health Report). This number was probably much lower in 1904, when this story was written, but I imagine it was also much more shameful and frightening to admit that you had a problem and needed help with all of the closer knit neighborhoods and insane asylums that have closed down over the last hundred years. While I read Paul s case, I thought of a number of things, history of physical abuse or trauma that might have made him shy away from physical contact, drug use (even one prescribed for a chronic illness or disease,) and that even a terminal illness had made him misanthropic. Nevertheless, I always came back to mental illness. The few sentences that solidified my belief were: I don’t really believe that smile of his comes altogether from insolence; there s something sort of haunted about it. The boy is not strong for one Thing. There is something wrong with the fellow (Paul s Case, Willa Cather). Paul had dramatic changes in mood from one place to another, anywhere art related or the finer things in life created an intoxicating, manic state; the unremarkable had the opposite effect, he became disdainful and lethargic. Paul s delusions of grandeur, his dramatic mood and personality changes from manic to depressive, and his disposition led me toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Mental Illness1414 Words   |  6 Pagesform of mental illness, however, only around one third of them seek any form of help (who.int World Health Report). This number was probably much lower in 1904, when this story was written, but I imagine it was also far more shameful and frightening to admit that you had a problem and needed help with all of the closely knit neighborhoods and insane asylums that have closed down over the last hundred years. While I read Paul s case, I thought of a number of things, history of physical abuse or traumaRead MoreEssay Health and Social Care Unit 111515 Words   |  7 PagesP1) Describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults. Physical Abuse - Is a form of abuse which may be violent towards another person who this person may be vulnerable and might not be able to protect themselves. Examples of this may be; cuts, bruises, and possible broken bones. The long term effects that physical abuse could have are mental illness, scared of people coming near them, loose self-esteem and confidence, and may become vulnerable. Sexual Abuse- This may occur when thereRead MoreHomelessness and Mental Illness1095 Words   |  5 Pagesthis man has a mental illness as well. Homelessness and mental illness are linked. These two happenings have similar beginnings. Homelessness is influenced by drug and alcohol disuse, being homeless at a young age, money problems, and trauma symptoms. Mental illness is caused by many of the same things, but it can also happen at birth. The effects that each entity has on a person are comparable. Rehabilitation is a necessary process if a victim of homelessness and or mental illness wants to rejoinRead MoreDID Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe general population (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | NAMI: The National Alliance on Mental Illness,). DID is a serious mental illness that occurs across all ethnic groups and all income levels. It affects women nine times more than men. In addition to experiencing separate identities, individuals living with DID may also experie nce many other symptoms (Dissociative identity disorder - children, causes, DSM, functioning, effects, therapy, adults, drug, n.d.). Retrieving and dealingRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. Stereotypically, the man inRead MoreHealthcare Concerning Mental Illness Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare Concerning Mental Illness As of now, there is no general consensus that would require states to cover mental health (Cauchi, Landess, Thangasamy 2011). Out of the 49 states that do cover mental illness, there are three main categories that vary considerably; mental health â€Å"parity† or equal coverage laws, minimum mandated mental health benefit laws, and mental health â€Å"mandated offering laws.† Mental illness is as serious a condition as any other health condition. It should be coveredRead MoreEssay Drug Abuse and Mental Health 1194 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuse and theRead MoreMental Illness And Condition That Influences The Brain1654 Words   |  7 Pages1. Define the mental illness. Depression is a mental illness and condition that influences the brain. The mental illness affects an individual’s feelings and thoughts negatively which results in the lowering of one’s mood. 2. Describe the nature of the mental illness. Depression is a real mental condition that affects many people around the world. It affects all ages, social backgrounds and genders. There are many signs and symptoms of depression. Common symptoms of depression are sleepingRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreI Am Writing About The Bill s Mental Health Care Access Act1248 Words   |  5 PagesDeepa Oja and I reside in your district 7. I am writing to support your bill H.R. 1604, Veteran’s Mental Health Care access Act, which you cosponsor. The bill calls for veterans to be eligible for mental health care at non Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, regardless of when they enrolled in the VA health care system or seek care at a VA facility, or the location of the veteran s residence. Mental illness is very common among men and women who serve in our military. According to American Psychiatric

Don t Judge A Book By Its Cover - 1129 Words

Don’t judge a book by its cover† was a saying during my childhood I heard every day. Growing up I was not the handsome boy you ever seen. I had a double chin, side rolls, and my stomach overlap my waistline. That’s where the name I received, â€Å"fat boy† came from was because of my appearance. That name for some reason made my father and brother laugh till tears come out. As I got older the double, side rolls, and my overlapping stomach started to slim and made me start looking normal size. As I was starting to look human all of sudden these pimples and acne started to appear. Transitioning to this stage of my life which caused my mom to teach me a valuable lesson and that was to â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover†. As I was growing up my family and I had what we like to call weekly reunions, which started in 2000 as I was approaching age 4. These reunions consist of playing cards such as poker or blackjack, kids would be outside playing kickball and musical chairs, and the grownups would be competing in a drinking contest. When daylight started shifting to night we would always get together in a big circle and sing songs by James Brown or Charlie Wilson on the karaoke machine. Then in the last 15 minutes our grandparents and great grandparents would tell us life stories, in which these was very motivational and inspiring. As years pass these weekly reunions was starting to become a tradition but these weekly reunions started to become torture for my mom. There is a total ofShow MoreRelatedDon t Judge A Book By Its Cover839 Words   |  4 Pagesout on the media for most people to watch. The media brainwashes many people to think pit bulls are ferocious, uncontrollable, pit fighting animals and they started banning them in some states with the numbers growing. People should not judge a book by its cover. Pitbull’s have good qualities; some people may disagree or agree. Now is the time to agree because of what these dogs provide for the community. Let’s focus on the good qualities of a Pitbull has to offer that is not broadcasted to the mediaRead MoreAnalysis Of Don t Judge A Book By Its Cover ``1001 Words   |  5 PagesDon t judge a book by its cover is a phrase that many adults tell children to have them look on the inside. However, people often judge based on appearance. There is an abundant number of people who are superficial and believe appearance is the true key of life. Social media, magazines, and the fashion industry encourage the general public to idolize and crave beauty. A young girl would disgorge herself in order to look like the models walking the runway, or the famous actress on a magazine. InRead MoreThe Freedom Writers : `` Don t Judge A Book `` Its Cover ``824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Freedom Writers There is a common saying, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover†. This means that there should be no stereotypes or standards placed on anyone or anything before all of the information is known about that individual or item. Stereotyping is most commonly associated with people. There are lots of different assumptions that are made about people based on their looks, and most of the time, those assumptions are not true. The black students in this movie are portrayed as up to no goodRead MoreEssay On DonT Judge A Book By Its Cover1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinitial judgment of me, we wouldn’t have met. If we believe our initial thoughts of others, we won t get to form relationships: family, friends, couples. Judging others is what s stopping us as a society from coming together. I believe in the phrase â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover,† and if everybody thinks in this too, it will make us a more integrated society. Don’t judge a book by its cover is one of the most clichà © and overused phrases to describe anything that deals with being prejudice.Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1592 Words   |  7 Pagesis why he is such a known lawyer. Lee also used literary devices and terms to prove her points and better her writing throughout the novel. A few things Lee wants to change for the better are racism and equality, fairness, and not judging a book by it’s cover. Maycomb may be a small town, but as a result, it’s a racial town as well. Since the town is divided, people see racism everyday. That’s why when it came to Tom Robinson’s case, they chose Atticus to represent Tom. Tom Robinson is a black manRead MoreThe Most Important Thing You Remember About A Thesis Statement Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesalso giving the reader a new article to read and allow them to give feedback if necessary. This isn t new to me, for I ve done a thesis statement before and received good feedback from fellow classmates. What s different is all of us were focused on once topic and had to come up with our own thesis on that assigned topic. It worked out well. Thesis Statement Number 1: Judging A Book by the Cover People who jump to conclusions without prior knowledge should be aware of people s feelingsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe play ‘12 angry men’ by Reginald Rose discusses that we shouldn t judge people on their background, on their style, or on their religion, instead we need to focus on what matters most, what’s on the inside. Literature both teaches and encourages us to question the issue of prejudice in today’s society. Can you honestly say you ve never judged a book by its cover? I m sure that we have all picked a book up, looked at its cover and then put it down because it ‘looks’ unappealing. You may not knowRead MoreShrek Movie Analysis796 Words   |  4 PagesFairy tales don t always follow the same boring pattern; beautiful princess falls in love with her prince charming and they live happily ever after. The movie Shrek, an ogre and beautiful princess fall in love, though this beautiful princess has a secret; her secret is that by day a beautiful princess, and by night an ugly ogre, at least in her eyes. Shrek thought she was beautiful as a human and as an ogre; this hidden message is shown as beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Also in the movieRead MoreFlight Patterns By Sherman Alexie1527 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge of who they are or what their background is, and this is part of the message Alexie was trying to get across in Flight Patterns. He wants his readers to know that this world isn t perfect, and that it can be seen that it is extremely commonplace in our society for others to judge people they don t even know, when they know for a fact that what they are doing is morally wrong. To illustrate, on page 57 of the Norton Introduction to Literature in Flight Patterns, the narrator construesRead MoreWhat Do You Value A University Education?956 Words   |  4 Pageseducation makes a better citizen and is likely to have a positive influence on society. He doesn t think you have to be educated to be a good person, it just helps. I agree with professor Bayless 100%. An education does not shape you into the person you are, but definitely helps make you a positive influence and a better person. I believe everyone should at least try a University education. You don t know if it’s not for you until you try it. Now a days to get a job you need some type of degree and

Taking a Look at Organizational Culture - 1362 Words

Organizational culture is a belief that employees share values, beliefs, or perceptions regarding an organization, or a hierarchical society (Tsai, 2011). This is depicted as the qualities, convictions, or observations held by workers inside an association or by an authoritative unit. Since organizations reflect the qualities, convictions and behavioral standards that are utilized by workers, the circumstances that they experience can impact the mentality and conduct of the staff. One perspective through Peasre and Kanyangale (2009) concentrates on consensus, common values, and standards that are seen by the organization as a whole, allowing employees to act in a compelling manner towards others and to translate the significance of the conduct of others in different settings. As an organizational counselor, one must be able to help clients define what the acceptable behaviors are. Furthermore, a counselor must also be able to provide methods of modification to behaviors that will be generalizable to various settings (Hackney and Cormier, 2013). Researchers subscribing to this point of view refer to culture as â€Å"collective programming† or group awareness, and â€Å"shared underlying beliefs† or group values. The consensus point of view focuses on examples, shared characteristics, or the inside of an organization as a dynamic unit. Points of view like this allow for the systematic recognition of coalitions. When coalitions are discovered, they can be reframed to understand theShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Organizational Culture767 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational culture can be defined as ‘a pattern of shared basic assumptions learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaption and internal integration, which has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems’ (Schein 2010, p18). Having great organ isational culture is not achievable in just one turn. Implementations of certain factors are required in order to attainRead MoreOrganizational Culture : The Smartest Guys Of The Room1649 Words   |  7 PagesJudge, organizational culture is, â€Å"a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations† (Robbins 249). A strong organizational culture is one whose organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared. After viewing Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, it is obvious that Enron had not only an organizational culture that was strong, but one that was extreme and aggressive. This aggressive and strong organizational culture discouragedRead MoreOrganizational Structure Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Structure Introduction In this paper we will be talking about organizational structure and cultures, and what strategies Ken Dailey will have to consider as he starts building on the team concept in the company. We will also talk about how to keep Green River moving forward in the facility and organizing the planning to make them successful. Organizational Structure Organizational structure is a formal relationship between management and the employees. It is a way to motivateRead MoreOrganizational Structure1183 Words   |  5 PagesStructure Pg. 1 Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organizational Structure By Marlene Seratt AIU MGT322-0702A-05 Concepts in Organizational Behavior Instructor Lionel de Souza Unit 4 Due: 05/26/2007 Structure Pg. 2 Introduction In this paper we will be talking about organizational structure and cultures, and what strategies Ken Dailey will have to consider as he starts buildingRead MoreHuman Resource Management And How Does It Affect An Organization?1510 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects an organization. One, look at how human resource management influence an organizational performance. Next, I will be sharing information on organizational culture, and then the practices of human resource management in an organization. First, taking a look at how HRM influences organizational performances. According to authors Phillips, J and Gully, S., â€Å"human resource management policies and practices add value to organization and influences organizational performances by either improvingRead MoreLeaders and Organizational Culture1191 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Leaders and Organizational Culture. †¢ †¢ †¢ ..; †¢ . Leaders and Organizational Culture Prepared for There are many definitions of organizational culture. The most basic definition is an organization’s shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions on how members of the organization should behave which gives meaning to how the organization functions. Organizational culture should enhance performance, internal integration, and bring all staff of all levels togetherRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts751 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead MoreOrganizational Culture Is The Key Values, Beliefs And Attitudes Shared By The Members Of An Organization1121 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Culture: Organizational Culture is the key values, beliefs and attitudes shared by the members of an organization. Organizational culture includes an organization s expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and expectations for the future. A key source of organizational culture is usually its founder. It can be sustained by creating and spreading organizational storiesRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay729 Words   |  3 Pages Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in o rganizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead MoreTaking a Look at Organizational Change1208 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational change is a systematic step taken by an organization to make sure changes are taking place smoothly and successfully with lasting benefits. Globalization and innovation of technology result in a constantly evolving business environment. Social media and mobile adaptability have revolutionized business and the effect of this is an ever increasing need for change, and therefore changes management. Technology growth effect has increase information availability and accountability

Superflat Free Essays

Bijutsu Fine art Kindai Bijutsu Modern art Manga Manga are comics and print cartoons, in Japanese and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 20th century. Otaku Known as a mass media product presenting Japanese Culture, anime, has gained an increasing exposure and acceptance overseas during the 1990s.The term otaku, which was coined in 1982 and came into popular usage by 1989, is usually translated as ‘geek’ or ‘aficionado,’ and refers to a group of people who ‘take refuge in a world of fantasy, drinking in the images supplied by the modern media – usually from television, magazines and comic books, but also computer images or video games’ (Baral 1999: 22). We will write a custom essay sample on Superflat or any similar topic only for you Order Now The etymology of â€Å"otaku† was drawn upon the work of Volker Grassmuck in his seminal otaku-studies article: I’m alone, but not lonely†: Japanese Otaku-Kids colonize the Realm of Information and Media, A Tale of Sex and Crime from a faraway Place. Superflat art â€Å"The world of the future might be like Japan is today – Superflat. Society, customs, art, culture: all are extremely two-dimensional. It is particularly apparent in the arts that this sensibility has been flowing steadily beneath the surface of Japanese history †¦ [Superflat] is an original concept that links the past with the present and the future. † (Murakami, 2000: 9)Superflat is a concept and theory of art created by the contemporary Japanese artist, Takashi Murakami. The Superflat (2000) exhibition in Tokyo marked the launch of this new aesthetic which took contemporary Japanese art and identity into a globalised milieu of critical thought. The exhibition, which was curated by Murakami and subsequently travelled to the United States, featured the work of a range of established and emerging artists drawn from art and commercial genres in Japan. As an essential part of Murakami’s political strategy, Superflat was always designed to travel globally.An elaborate, bilingual catalogue Super Flat (Murakami, 2000), which included Murakami’s manifesto, A Theory of Super Flat Japanese Art, accompanied the exhibition. In this manifesto Murakami affirmed that the Superflat exhibitions were created to provide a cultural-historical context for the new form of art that he was proposing, and which was specifically exported for Western audiences. Superflat art, as a cultural text, is intricately enmeshed in the tensions between the location and rep resentation of local/global cultural identities.These identities, while proffering resistance through the assertion of difference, are also formed as part of the processes of globalization rather than in strict opposition to it (Robertson, 1995). In producing Superflat for Western art markets and Japanese art worlds, Murakami addresses existing discursive knowledge of Japanese art, history and popular culture, while simultaneously presenting a new variant of those identities. In this way, Superflat is part of the politics of commodification and expression of cultural difference generated in global consumption.Murakami’s Superflat concept identifies a new aesthetic emerging from the creative expressions produced in Japanese contemporary art, anime (Japanese animation), manga (graphic novels), video games, fashion and graphic design. Superflat is presented as a challenge to the institutions and practices of bijutsu (fine art), which Murakami argues are an incomplete import of Western concepts. Murakami is specifically referring to the modern institutions of kindai bijutsu (modern art) that were adopted during the Meiji period (1868–1912) as part of Japan’s process of modernization and Westernization.To Mur akami, the innovation and originality of post-1945 forms of commercial culture represent a continuation of the innovations of the Edo (1600–1867) visual culture. Murakami problematically argues that Edo culture represents a more ‘original’ cultural tradition, because it was a time of restricted foreign contact. At the same time, Murakami self-consciously uses Western art markets and the popular appeal of Japanese consumer culture to propose the Superflat alternative. That is, Murakami utilizes the Western popular imaginings of Japanese culture as a hyper-consumeristic, postmodern layhouse (Morley Robins, 1995: 147–173) in constructing Superflat. SUPERFLATNESS: GLOBALIZING STRATEGIES IN ART MARKET As the interaction between social groups has become increasingly globalized, the meaning-making and expressivities associated with ‘art’ have also become progressively more engaged through national and transnational gradients (Papastergiadis Artspace, 2003). In particular, the formation of identity and expressive modes in a national genealogy becomes problematic within a globalizing cultural sphere.Many artists struggle to find the binary position of balancing East and West cultures, while Takashi Murakami, contemporary Japanese artist, with his theory of Superflat art, worke d out his way in this dilemma. He provides a useful case study of the strategies artists can employ to negotiate cultural and artistic identities ‘in between’ this binary. This paper investigates the Superflat concept and analyses Murakami’s art works to expose the tensions and dialogues regarding cultural identity and commodification that are produced by their global circulation. The first section maps Murakami’s strategy in constructing Superflat and contextualizes this in relation to discourses of Japanese national-cultural identity. The second section applies this theorization by analyzing the visual codes of Murakami’s figure sculpture My Lonesome Cowboy. This figure sculpture is part of a series in which Murakami combined the aesthetic codes and markers of otaku culture, particularly the prominence of anime and manga characters, with various art historical references.This piece demonstrates the multifarious local/global codes and cultures that Superflat art engages. Global Flows and the Soy Sauce Strategy Globalization creates spaces in which mobile elements interact with both positive and negative effects. Three key issues emerge in contemporary theorizations of globalization that are relevant to this discussion: firstly, the problem of how to retain the concept of local/national cultural particularity and to concurrently recognize the onv ergences and overlaps between cultures in a global context (Robertson, 1995); secondly, how to recognize the value in cultural difference as a tool of critical (oppositional) agency (Fisher, 2003) and acknowledge that difference can also become a commodity in the global market place (Hall, 1991); and thirdly, to acknowledge the dominance of Western cultural, political and economic imperatives in globalization (Hardt Negri, 2000), but also to recognize that it cannot be reduced to this condition (Held et al. , 1999). Consequently, concerns and celebrations are generated by the increasing fragmentation of national and cultural identities (MorleyRobins, 1995). In response to this process of deterritorializing identity, impulses arise to reclaim local and national identities in a form of resistance (Hall, 1995). This resistance is complicated because it is formed in relation to the transnational imaginings of the Self and the Other, stimulated by the constant circulation of people and mediated images through globalizations (Appadurai, 1996).These are irresolvable struggles and they demonstrate how globalization contributes to rather than eliminates incommensurability (Ang, 2003). Thus, while cultural identities can become territorialized and demarcated, for instance as ‘Japanese’, they are also challenged by the processes of deterritorialization activated through interaction and exchange. The meaning of ‘Japanese’ is therefore open to re-articulation by both global and loca l forces allowing new strategic identities to emerge.These processes are evident in Murakami’s â€Å"soy sauce strategy†. Murakami demarcates the identity of Superflat as Japanese by proposing it as an affirmation of a Pop Art aesthetic that is â€Å"born from Japan† and distinct from Western art: a type of post-Pop (Murakami, 2005: 152–153). Murakami asserts Superflat as an example of the current influence of Japanese culture globally and as a model for a future aesthetic, thereby identifying the ‘Otherness’ of Superflat in a positive way.Even though Murakami acknowledges that this sensibility emerges from the transformations arising from the influences of Western culture, he simultaneously reaffirms the originality of Superflat as a Japanese sensibility. This is what he refers to as his â€Å"soy sauce† strategy. Japanese contemporary art has a long history of trying to hide the soy sauce. Perhaps they will strengthen the flavor to please the foreign palette, or perhaps they’ll simply throw the soy sauce out the window and unconditionally embrace the tastes of French or Italian cuisine, becoming the Westerners whose model of contemporary art they follow .. .I see the need to create a universal taste – a common tongue – without cheating myself and my Japanese core †¦ I continue to blend seasonings †¦ I may have mixed in the universal forms and presentations of French, Italian, Chinese, or other ethnic cuisines – and I am vigilant in my search for their best points – but the central axis of my creation is stable †¦ at its core, my standard of ‘beauty’ is one cultivated by the Japan that has been my home since my birth in 1962. (Kaikaikiki Co.Ltd Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, 2001: 130) This essential Japanese identity of Superflat is reinforced by the ways in which Murakami connects (visually and ideologically) the kawaii (cute) forms of anime and manga with the playful aesthetic of Edo period artists and the two-dimensional formal properties of Japanese screen painting. This foundation is then used to propose Superflat as an alternate lineage of Japanese visual culture, one that breaks away from the canon of kindai bijutsu and Western art history. Edo functions in Superflat as the determinant of its cultural authenticity – that is, as the DNA of Superflat (Murakami, 2000: 25). Edo is presented as the site of Japan’s cultural tradition and subsequently as a symbol of its Japaneseness. This is a convention from modern Japanese discourses in which Edo becomes the repository of nostalgic yearnings for a pre-modern, traditional Japan (Ivy, 1995).In the late 1980s and early 1990s this was extended to become part of the debates on Japan’s (post)modernity; postmodern cultural expressions in Japan were considered to be a revival of Edo concepts and practices and thus particularly ‘indigenous’ to Japan (Karatani, 1997). However, as Gluck (1998) points out, the definition of authentic and traditional Japanese expression in relation to a fixed point of origin in Edo culture has been heavily challenged. Therefore, Murakami’s use of Edo to mark the culturally authentic transmission of the Superflat a esthetic should be treated with caution.At the same time, Murakami has emphasized that he is not presenting Superflat as the definitive interpretation of Japanese art nor does he claim a unified identity for Japan: Unfortunately, I can never give ‘Japan’ a fixed shape. I cannot meet my real ‘self’. Nor can I discern what ‘art’ really is †¦ I thought I could solve the problem by lining up a series of images in a powerful procession that words could not clarify. (Murakami, 2000: 9) Even this position can be critiqued.Murakami self-consciously demonstrates his awareness of the historical interaction between Japan and the West and stresses the hybrid history of Superflat. However, he also tends to celebrate Japan’s skill in assimilating and domesticating foreign influences, echoing other discourses on Japan’s hybridity as a national-cultural trait (Tobin, 1992), which paradoxically reconstructs Japan’s hybridity as an essential identity. Murakami’s intention to create an epistemological context for Superflat is explicitly part of his aim to sell work in international art markets: First, gain recognition on site (New York). Furthermore, adjust the flavoring to meet the needs of the venue. 2 With this recognition as my parachute, I will make my landing back in Japan. Slightly adjust the flavorings until they are Japanese. Or perhaps entirely modify the works to meet Japanese tastes. 3 Back overseas, into the fray. This time, I will make a presentation that doesn’t shy away from my true soy sauce nature, but is understandable to my audience. (Kaikaikiki Co. Ltd Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, 2001:131)The impulse in Superflat towards the affirmation of a national-cultural aesthetic can be considered as a form of self-Orientalism: an identity formation that is constructed in relation to the Western Oriental gaze (Said, 1995). While self-Orientalism has been considered (although not specifically in relation to Superflat) as an empowered strategy, because it appropriates the West’s gaze of Japan and re-packages it for the same audience (Mitchell, 2000), others have considered it collusive to Orientalism and a continuation of the Japan/West binary construction (Iwabuchi, 1994).This self-Oriental identity is complicated by a number of factors. First, Superflat does echo conventional discursive constructions of a Japan/West binary, which obscures the connections and power relations in this structure. In particular, Superflat can also be interpreted as being part of the discourses on Japanese identity, particularly the emergence of nihonjinron and postmodernism post-1970s in relation to Japan’s economic and technological influences (Befu, 2001). There was a tendency in both these strains of discourse to emphasize Japan’s national identity as unique and different from the West and the East.Secondly, while Murakami acknowledges the Western influences on the Superflat aesthetic, his simultaneous transposing of this hybrid identity into a reinforcement of a Japanese identity, characterized by cultural assimilation and hybridization, reinforces a unified national-cultural identity. This identity is supported by the references between Superflat and already existing discursive constructions of Japanese culture as post-modern and the interpretation of the two-dimensional properties of Japanese art, which will be discussed later in the paper.Thirdly, Superflat is also part of ongoing trade relations and cross-fertilizations of visual culture forms between Japan and the West particularly since the late nineteenth century. These include the adoption of bijutsu in the Meiji period, the popular consumption of Japanese visual cult ure in the West (in late nineteenth century Japonisme and since the 1990s with the consumption of anime and manga), and the post-1945 influx of commercial culture from the United States and its subsequent impact on the development of the anime and manga industries (Kinsella, 2000).In some ways, the self-Orientalism of Superflat can be interpreted as a post-colonial defensive reaction. Superflat is presented by Murakami as a localized expression of cultural uniqueness resisting the global hegemony of Western art and transcending the imported colonialist history of bijutsu by presenting â€Å"icons of excessive otherness† (Matsui, 2001: 48). This resistance, in turn, strategically uses identity as a commodity in Western art markets.By explicitly emphasizing the differences of Superflat, and Superflat as Japanese, Murakami becomes open to criticism that he is merely providing a futuristic Orientalist spectacle for Western audiences (Shimada, 2002: 188–189). Furthermore, the ever-present danger with this position is that the centrality of the United States and Europe is re-asserted rather than challenged. Murakami explicitly reinforces this centrality through his statements regarding the importance of his profile in New York, London and Paris (Kelmachter, 2002: 76).Murakami’s strategy of merging artistic expression and the commercial imperatives of Orientalism also echoes the export art of the late nineteenth century in which new works were created for foreign markets, according to the dictates of those markets (Conant, 1991: 82–84). Export objects were deliberately constructed to appeal to the taste for Japonisme that was fashionable in Europe and the United States at the time. Murakami’s affirmation of Superflat as a Japanese-made model for the future also reiterates the recent rhetoric on Japan’s global cultural power in relation to the export of anime and manga (McGray, 2002). These discourses emphasize the symbolic (and subsequent economic) capital of the Japaneseness of anime and manga texts and they deliberately emphasize the commodity potentials of self- Orientalism. Murakami draws attention to these politics in the Superflat exhibition Coloriage (Coloring) at the Foundation Cartier by referring to it as â€Å"post-Japonisme† (Kelmachter, 2002: 103–104), thereby both connecting with the past market in Japanese art and suggesting a new contemporary context for the consumption of Superflat art.However, to reduce Superflat to a collusive Orientalism, or to see it as just a commodification of identity in a pejorative sense, misinterprets the dynamics in play. Murakami is both proffering resistance as well as marketing his work strategically. Firstly, Murakami articulates his identity through the exhibition structures of the West as well as through conventional signifiers of Japanese aesthetics in order to establish his profile and to sell his work.Yet he also acknowledges the ambivalences of his own position and the playfulness of this global soy sauce flavoring: In the worldview that holds delicate flavoring as the only concept of ‘beauty’ with any value, heavy flavouring is taboo, and too much stimulation is definitely problematic.. . In order to create something that is understandable both to the West and Japan, what is needed is an ambivalent flavor and presentation †¦ . (Kaikaikiki Co. Ltd Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, 2001: 131)Furthermore, dominant scholarly arguments on the popular consumption of anime and manga outside Japan hold that these forms express plural cultural identities and, as Allison (2000) shows, are detached from specific representations of space and place. This suggests that the consumption of Superflat, like that of anime and manga, is not simply based on a desire for reflected images of Japaneseness as a cultural Other; rather, it offers audiences a flexibility of alternate identities, free from specific geo-cultural connections.It can also be argued that a critical factor in the reception of Murakami’s works in the United States and Europe has been the familiarity of the Superflat aesthetic to anime and manga as part of a common rather than Orientalised visual vocabulary. Superflat echoes the paradox of affirming the non-nationality of texts, while also presenting them as expressions of national-cultural identity. However, there is another way to explain this contradiction of Superflat between the affirmation of non-national and specific cultural identities.The critical theorist Yoda Tomiko (2000) presents contemporary anime forms as a useful example of a coterminous fluidity between local codes that are interchangeable and coexistent with non-local elements. Elements in the text can be swapped around and adapted for different audiences, and these elements are simultaneously collated with non-specific elements drawn from a wide variety of sources; therefore, the overall form remains transportable as well as expressing cultural proximity.While this process of adaptation is not new, what Yoda indicates is that it is increasingly becoming a normative process within the logic of postmodern consumer society. The local identity expressed in Superflat utilizes the connections with Edo and anime and manga culture to articulate its cultural specificity and yet it also expresses a postmodern fluidity and self-reflexivity that enables it to be globally circulated. The following section demonstrates the multifarious local/global codes and cultures in Murakami’s figure sculpture My Lonesome Cowboy. Superflat IdentityTakashi Murakami may have been the happiest at Sotheby’s Auction on May 14th. My Lonesome Cowboy, his larger-than-life sculpture of a boy waving an ejaculate lasso, brought in $15. 2 million — quintupling the artist’s previous record at auction. Just like what Alexandra Munro has written, â€Å"Murakami does not merely appropriate the manga and anime based worlds of otaku subculture; he operates within them. His lushly bright, mutant characters, all of which have names, act coveted by convenience store consumers as much as they are sought after by intern ational art community. Murakami’s works always act in the multiple spaces in and between Japan and the West, referencing there intertwined relations. My Lonesome Cowboy can be linked to a number of familiar aesthetic forms from both Western and Japanese art history, thus it is a field of knowledge operating both within and between the social, cultural and aesthetic conditions of East and West. My Lonesome Cowboy is characterized by a large lasso of ejaculate reminiscent of Jackson Pollock’s splash paintings in the late 1940s.The confident masturbatory pose of the figure can be interpreted as a parodic and sexualized reference to the phallo-centric ideology of Western Modernism, in which the autonomy and expressive subjectivity (as well as the masculinity) of artists such as Pollock was celebrated. The title itself, My Lonesome Cowboy, also references the heroism and romanticism of the iconic image of the cowboy, which was celebrated in relation to the New York Abstract Expressionist painters , and was parodied in the homo-erotica of Andy Warhol’s film Lonesome Cowboys (1969).The stream of ejaculation fluid is both an exaggerated and grotesque parody of otaku (hard-core anime and manga fans) imaginings and masturbatory activities and a parody of the ‘unique’ stroke of the brush of the artist. The overt and ironic decorativeness of the fiberglass splash subverts the modernist ideology of the unique mark of the artist’s hand as an expression of interior subjectivity in a manner that is reminiscent of Roy Lichtenstein’s series of screen-prints, Brushstrokes, created in the mid to late 1960s. These references are then combined with recognizable Japanese aesthetic markers. For example, the Dragon Ball Z character Goku is the model for the head of the cowboy; the splash of ejaculate is also reminiscent of the static dynamism of Hokusai’s ukiyo-e print View of Mount Fuji through High Waves off Kanagawa (ca. 1829–1833). The standing pose of the figure with the power and energy concentrated in the hips thrust forward, accentuated by the expulsion of liquid from the penis, is something that has also been specifically linked to the style of character pose developed in anime (Kaikaikiki Co.Ltd Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, 2001: 96). This is contrasted to the Western comic hero pose in which the concentration of power and muscular strength is emphasized in the pectoral muscles (96). The sense of dynamism between stasis and movement in My Lonesome Cowboy can also be linked to various forms of compositional structures in Japanese screen-paintings and anime. One of the key features of early Japanese television animation is an aesthetic based on the frozen pose, in which a figure can leap in the air and freeze the pose, unfixed from gravity.Part of the rationality behind the frozen moment in animation was a response to budget constraints and efficient production processes; by freezing the frame and allowing the dialogue to continue fewer frames of animated movement were needed for the narrative (Lamarre, 2002: 335). As a stylistic tendency, the technique of freezing the action in animation relies on selecting the most dramatic or aesthetic moment to freeze, creating a dramatic pause before the action (2002: 335–336).Therefore, what is evident is that Murakami simultaneously articulates Japanese and Western aesthetic markers in My Lonesome Cowboy. While these references can be individually demarcated and identified, there is also an interchangeable flexibility that is addressed. More specifically, what this means is that the splash of semen can simultaneously reference Pollock, Lichtenstein, Hokusai and Kanada. Thus, it becomes a fluid and slippery signifier. This can be explained as one of the reasons for the global prominence and popularity of Superflat and Murakami.Furthermore, the art historical and popular cultural references would be considered relatively conventional markers for audiences conversant with these texts. Many of the Japanese works in the Superflat catalogue are held in Western collections, including Hokusai’s Great Wave. Murakami’s works are therefore characterized by a particular inter-determinacy, which enables him to manipulate the Japanese identity of the works while also utilizing the familiarity of the visual references for Western audiences. This trategy is further complicated by the overlapping historical aesthetic relationship between Japan and the West. First, the concept of Superflatness, as an aesthetic of two-dimensionality, reinforces the Western image of Japan as a culture of surface. The development of the flat surface, which has been interpreted by Clement Greenberg as the underpinning a esthetic realization of Western modern painting, was influenced by Japanese art, particularly ukiyo-e prints, in the nineteenth century (Evett, 1982: ix–x). In particular, an aesthetic of two-dimensionality was identified as a distinctive feature of Japanese art in late nineteenth century Europe (1982: 30). 13 In contrast to the Western discursive construct of Japanese art as inherently two-dimensional, Western practices of linear perspective by this time had already influenced Japanese art. 14 Secondly, because anime and manga are increasingly familiar to consumers outside of Japan, particularly since their export in the 1990s, they have become part of the database of visual aesthetics of artists and fans outside of Japan (Craig, 2000: 7).The complex visual cultural relationships between Japan, United States and European art are more politically intertwined than these explicit and obvious references imply because they are influenced by ideologies and constructions of national identity. The image of Japan as a culture of surface continued into the twentieth century and was translated from the mid-1980s into the confirmation of Japan†™s post modernity: Japan as a culture of surface was now celebrated (Barthes, 1982; Field, 1997) and it was constructed (arguably) as the epitome of post-modernity (Miyoshi and Harootunian). 5 This was contrasted to Western modernist discourse of the surface as a manifestation of interior subjectivity. Postmodernism presented a challenge to this concept of originality and interior/exterior distinctions through theories of simulacrum, pastiche and the collapsing of surface/depth models as developed by Baudrillard (1983), Jameson (1991), and Virilio (1991). Even the discourses that emphasized Japan’s creative skill in domesticating foreign imports (Tobin, 1992) as a contrast to the earlier pejorative concept of mimicry reinforced the image of Japan as an appropriator of different styles or surfaces.While the distinction between surface and depth is not absent in Japan, the duality between surface and depth in Western modern epistemology (and even in subsequent discourses that challenge it) is not necessarily expressed using those dichotomous terms in Japanese culture; rather, the surface is considered to be meaningful and creative. For example, the art historian Tsuji Nobuo (2002: 18) identifies the decorative surface as providing a link between the ordinary and everyday sphere and the extraordinary metaphysical realm.In this way, the decorative surface does not ‘lack’ meaning but is active as an intermediary expression and aesthetic. Hendry (1993) also identifies the importance of ‘wrapping’ in Japanes e culture, in which the external layers, whether they be clothing, architecture or gifts, form the critical meaning structure. Wrapping operates as a method of accumulating ‘layers of meaning’ that are not normally present in the unwrapped object (1993: 17). This process inverts the Western philosophical privileging of the core (the object inside the wrapping) as the primary site of meaning and the external wrapping as obscuring the object. In fact Hendry argues that the meaning of the enclosed object and the layers of wrapping are conceptually embedded in each other and cannot be separated (1993: 17). While flatness and the emphasis on surface quality and decoration in Superflat art can thus be considered an exploitation of the Western construct of Japan as a culture of surface aesthetics, it can also be interpreted as an assertion of the creative value of the surface in Japanese culture. In this latter interpretation Superflatness becomes a unique aesthetic form that articulates multiple and active spaces, not the erasure or reduction of meaning.The concept of active flatness and continual transformation is a useful approach to understanding the Superflat aesthetic. It is difficult to differentiate a singular point of origin or a stable and unified subject in the multiple cultural identities embedded in My Lonesome Cowboy. Such is the shared history and cross-fertilization of aesthetic forms that these multiple layers of references and aesthetic histories of Japan and the United States/Europe present a significant complexity to the explicit identification of these references as Japanese or Western.Furthermore, to presume that they will even be decoded as signifying geo-cultural aesthetic territories is equally problematic. It is evident that Murakami’s explicitly playful references act as heterogeneous and malleable signifiers of identity, and thus can be readily interpreted as a postmodern expression of multiplicity. Furthermore, the inter-textual references to Japanese art history, Western art history, and imagined constructions of Japanese identity, play to the knowingness of audiences. The Westernization of Superflat and its Japaneseness articulate two forms that can be accessed by Murakami from his database of codes. How to cite Superflat, Papers